拱形骨架基于路基坡面防护的施工过程
路基坡面防护是防止土质或风化岩石的冲刷或剥落采取的措施，起到保护边坡的整体稳定性，同时还可以美化路基和协调自然环境。路基坡面防护采用比较多的一种是山东拱形骨架防护，其施工过程主要分为以下8个步骤。
Roadbed slope protection is a measure taken to prevent erosion or peeling of soil or weathered rocks, which protects the overall stability of the slope and beautifies the roadbed and coordinates the natural environment. One of the most commonly used methods for roadbed slope protection is the Shandong arch skeleton protection, which is mainly divided into the following 8 steps in the construction process.
1、平整边坡
1. Leveling the slope
采用人工对交验后的坡面进行修正、整平，清楚坡面危石、松土、填补坑凹等，要求坡面平整、密实，线形平顺。
Manual correction and leveling of the slope surface after inspection shall be carried out to remove dangerous rocks, loose soil, and fill in pits. The slope surface shall be flat, dense, and the line shape shall be smooth.
2、测量放样
2. Surveying and setting out
测量放线前，工程部测量人员要根据涵洞位置并考虑混凝土踏步位置整体布拱，在所有拱圈位置确定后才能根据里程位置精确放线。根据测放的里程桩现场排出骨架位置，撒白灰线标示，排出骨架位置后，要对相邻的里程桩再次进行闭合测量。确认无误后方可进行基槽开挖。
Before surveying and setting out, the surveying personnel of the engineering department should arrange the overall arch based on the culvert position and consider the concrete step position. Only after determining the positions of all arch rings can the precise setting out be carried out according to the mileage position. According to the measured mileage stakes, the skeleton position should be arranged on site and marked with a white gray line. After the skeleton position is arranged, adjacent mileage stakes should be closed and measured again. Excavation of the foundation trench can only be carried out after confirming that there are no errors.
3、骨架基槽开挖
3. Excavation of skeleton foundation trench
根据施工控制桩拉线，定出拱架的轮廓，拱形骨架用石灰划出，准备开挖拱架沟槽。采用人工或小型挖机开挖沟槽，根据设计控制线进行开挖，线形平顺，槽底平整、密实无松散，尺寸、高程、坡度等检测指标要满足设计及规范要求。
According to the construction control pile, draw the outline of the arch frame, draw the arch skeleton with lime, and prepare to excavate the arch frame groove. Use manual or small excavators to excavate the trench, and excavate according to the design control line. The alignment should be smooth, the trench bottom should be flat, dense, and free from looseness. The detection indicators such as size, elevation, and slope should meet the design and specification requirements.
4、砂垫层铺设
4. Sand cushion laying
在基槽开挖完成后，消除基地松散结构，并进行洒水，在基地平整、密实后即可进行砂垫层的铺设。砂垫层铺设使用土工布铺底，并且防止其他杂物污染砂浆，不得直接倒在土基上使用，厚度为10cm，铺设平整、密实。
After the excavation of the foundation trench is completed, the loose structure of the base is eliminated, and water is sprayed. After the base is leveled and compacted, the sand cushion can be laid. The sand cushion layer should be laid with geotextile and other debris should be prevented from contaminating the mortar. It should not be directly poured onto the soil foundation and should have a thickness of 10cm. The laying should be flat and dense.
5、拱圈预制块铺设
5. Prefabricated block laying of arch ring
预制块自下而上进行铺设，在砂浆垫层上安装预制块。施工时必须挂线砌筑，保证线性平顺、砌体平整，与坡面紧密结合。为有效的让上下左右砌筑块体材料之间的连接更为牢固，砌筑过程中及时勾缝，勾缝采用同标号水泥砂浆，缝宽1cm，做成“凹缝”，缝宽要求均匀、直顺。
Prefabricated blocks are laid from bottom to top and installed on the mortar cushion. During construction, it is necessary to hang lines for masonry to ensure linear smoothness, smooth masonry, and close integration with the slope surface. In order to effectively make the connection between the upper, lower, left, and right masonry block materials more secure, timely pointing is required during the masonry process. The pointing is made using cement mortar of the same grade, with a width of 1cm, forming a "concave joint". The joint width is required to be uniform and straight.
拱圈施工时，边坡急流槽和检查踏步一并配合施工需，将急流槽和检查踏步设置于拱间处以利于排水。
During the construction of the arch ring, the slope chute and inspection steps should be combined to meet the construction requirements. The chute and inspection steps should be set between the arches to facilitate drainage.
6、设置伸缩缝
6. Set expansion joint
沿路线纵向每隔3~4个拱圈设伸缩缝一道，伸缩缝设置在拱顶预制块附近，铺砌预制块时用木板隔开，施工完成后用浸沥青麻絮填塞密实，填塞深度不小于10cm。
A expansion joint shall be set every 3-4 arch rings along the longitudinal direction of the route. The expansion joint shall be set near the precast blocks of the arch crown. The precast blocks shall be separated by wooden boards when paving. After the construction is completed, they shall be filled with asphalt soaked oakum, and the filling depth shall not be less than 10cm.
7、骨架养生
7. Skeleton health preservation
完成的拱形骨架护坡及时养生，进行覆盖洒水，保持现浇砼、勾缝砂浆湿润。
The completed arch skeleton slope protection should be maintained in a timely manner, covered and watered, and the cast-in-place concrete and pointing mortar should be kept moist.
8、拱架内植草绿化
8. Grass planting and greening within the arch frame
拱形骨架预制块铺砌完成，待拱架具有一定强度后，进行客土回填，并对土进行夯实，注意培土顶面低于骨架3~5cm，之后在骨架内三维网植草绿化，采用人工撒播的方式，撒播草种后在坡体表面撒5cm厚细粒客土并洒水湿润避免草种受雨水冲失或烈日暴晒。
After the prefabricated block paving of the arch skeleton is completed and the arch frame has a certain strength, backfill the surrounding soil and compact the soil. Pay attention to the top surface of the soil being 3-5cm lower than the skeleton. Then, plant grass and greenery in the three-dimensional mesh of the skeleton using manual sowing. After sowing the grass seeds, sprinkle 5cm thick fine-grained soil on the slope surface and wet it with water to avoid the grass seeds being washed away by rainwater or exposed to the scorching sun.
拱形骨架基于路基坡面防护的施工过程相关内容就讲解到这里了，希望对您有所帮助，更多事项就来我们网站http://www.longyuejiancai.com咨询!
That's all for the construction process of arch skeleton based on roadbed slope protection. We hope it can be helpful to you. For more information, please visit our website http://www.longyuejiancai.com consulting service
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